In a masonry panel well restrained at its bottom, in the presence of side walls that are or are not able to exert buttress action in the presence of horizontal stresses, the horizontal top wall section behaves like a masonry beam, and could collapse due to an exceeding of the load capacity of the structural scheme, or due to the formation of the 3 hinges mechanism.
The solution
The application of composite materials counteracts this mechanism, improving the flexural strength of the top section of the panel, which is thus transformed into a masonry beam reinforced with FRP.
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